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The proof layer.

Constanellis designs, builds, and operates cislunar infrastructure, and infrastructure is bought on evidence. This page is the engineering face of the company: the measurement chain standing up in Colorado, the reference corpus it feeds, the public interfaces the architecture speaks, the autonomy stack built to decide at the edge, and the closed-loop surface research sitting furthest out. The customers this company is built to serve have published what they need. What follows is how we answer it.

The published layer is this page. Section 06 states, item by item, what is discussed under NDA.

Three convictions the engineering follows from.

Own the proof.

Hardware gets built either way. What decides whether it flies is whether anyone can say, with evidence, what it does in the environment it will actually see. The measurement, the uncertainty budget, and the traceable record behind them are the scarce goods in this industry, and almost nobody is building for them. That is the position. We are taking it, and we publish the standard we take it with.

Think in closed loops.

An outpost is resupplied. A settlement makes itself. Every architecture decision we make is judged on which loops it closes, power, thermal, materials, and data, and on what the open ones cost forever. An open loop is a bill that arrives on every mission after this one.

Publish what we find.

Reference data belongs in the open, and methods belong next to the data they describe. We publish both, and we bring measurements rather than opinions to the interoperability conversation, because a standard gets written by whoever arrives with evidence. We arrive holding it.

01 / Vacuum optical metrology

An optic that is right on the bench can be wrong in vacuum.

Glass does not care what the drawing says. It responds to temperature and to whatever is holding it. Take an optical assembly that closes to specification on a bench at room temperature, pump the chamber down, and walk it out to the cold of a shadowed lunar crater. The mount contracts against the substrate. The bond line shrinks. Coating stress changes. The alignment you certified in the clean room is not the alignment the mission gets, and nothing failed: the part was simply measured in the wrong place.

The commercial answer to this today is screening, which proves the article survives the environment. Survival is not performance. A retroreflector that comes out of a thermal cycle intact tells you nothing about where its beam is pointing while it is cold, and pointing is the entire function of a retroreflector. The measurement that answers the real question is harder to stand up, because the instrument has to see the article through the chamber, and the calibration has to survive the trip.

That chain is what FORGE is being built to operate. Every link in it is ordinary engineering. The value is that the links sit in one building under one quality system with an unbroken calibration path to national standards, so the number on the certificate is a number a customer can put straight into a model without discounting it first. And the demand for that number is published: NASA's Moon Base documents name extreme-temperature-tolerant mechanisms and electronics, operating through lunar shadow, as a standing technology challenge. A component that has to work in that cold is a component somebody has to measure in that cold first, on the ground.

Measurement Chain Targets
Build-out targets
PressureAmbient to 1×10⁻⁶ Torr under thermal-vacuum
Temperature−180 °C to +150 °C at the test article
WavefrontInterferometric wavefront error to λ/20 RMS at 632.8 nm
TraceabilityUnbroken calibration chain to national standards
UncertaintyStated budget delivered with every measured value
WhereCentennial, Colorado (53,000 SF under contract)

Values repeated verbatim from the FORGE capability targets, where they are published under the same qualifier. Chamber, cleanroom class, and tolerance-band specifics are stated in the briefing, under NDA, ahead of publication.

The measurement chain, link by link

01
[ ARTICLE ]

The question, written down first

Nothing is measured until the question exists on paper: which parameter, at which condition, to which tolerance, and what disposition follows from the answer. A test run without a written acceptance criterion produces a number, not a result. The method that states all four is published rather than described, so that it can still be argued with.

The published test method, CTM-2026-01
02
[ ENVIRONMENT ]

Vacuum and temperature, held

The environment is the point of the whole exercise. Pressure is driven to the regime the hardware will see and the article is walked across the temperature range it will see, with the fixture treated as part of the article, because the fixture moves too.

03
[ INSTRUMENT ]

Measured in place, not after

Wavefront, alignment, and radiometric response are captured while the article is still in the environment. A measurement taken after the chamber returns to ambient describes the recovery, not the condition anyone asked about.

04
[ CALIBRATION ]

Traceability to national standards

Every instrument in the setup sits on a calibration schedule with an unbroken path to national standards. Traceability is not paperwork about the measurement. It is the reason the measurement means anything outside the building that produced it.

05
[ UNCERTAINTY ]

A value without a budget is an opinion

Each result carries the uncertainty budget that produced it: instrument, fixture, environment, operator, and the terms that could not be separated. Stating the budget is how a customer decides whether our number is good enough for their margin. Here is the artifact behind that sentence: a complete budget for one measurement, every term named, combined and expanded, worked against the acceptance criterion published on this site.

The worked uncertainty budget, CUB-2026-01
06
[ RECORD ]

Two outputs, one measurement

The customer receives the data package. The corpus retains the calibrated record. One is the delivery. The other is the thing that compounds, and it is why the lab is worth operating between missions.

FIG. 01Screening and performance characterization answer different questions
ScreeningDoes the article survive the environment. Sold commercially in the United States today.
CharacterizationWhat does the article do while it is inside the environment. A different measurement, and a harder one.
Where it existsPerformance characterization under vacuum is done in house by federal laboratories. The commercial path published today runs through a provider outside the United States, which closes it to U.S. defense work.
Why it mattersAn article can pass screening and still miss its optical requirement cold. Survival and performance are not the same test and cannot substitute for each other.
Our positionIn build-out, per the Constanellis column of the gap map. Test articles and configurations are discussed under NDA.
Constanellis qualification gap map (/forge/gap-map). Cells that could not be independently verified are published there as uncertain, on purpose.
02 / The measurement corpus

Every measurement we sell leaves a copy behind.

A qualification job has two outputs. The customer gets the data package they paid for. We keep the calibrated record of how a real article behaved under real conditions: the drift, the fixture effects, the population statistics that handbooks approximate and nobody publishes. That record is worth more in year five than in year one, because each campaign narrows the uncertainty on the next one and lets a test be designed against observed behavior instead of a table.

The demand for reference data is not ours to assert: NASA publishes data gaps, by identifier, and describes them in its own words as demand signals to industry. A data gap is a standing order for a dataset nobody has delivered yet: regolith behavior, dust mechanics, the radiation environment, the thermal truth of the shadowed regions. The corpus is built to deliver against orders of exactly that shape, with the method, the uncertainty, and the calibration chain attached to every record.

Corpus telemetry is live and reads from one source of truth. It moves when the floor moves, not when the roadmap does. Last reviewed 2026-08-01. The measurement corpus

The intent is to give the reference data away: methods published alongside the datasets, uncertainty stated rather than implied, and a stable identifier on anything we ask another engineer to cite. The publication license is being set before the first dataset is released, so that anyone building on this work knows their rights the day it appears.

FIG. 02What a corpus record carries
articlePart identity, lot, and configuration under test
campaignTest campaign, procedure revision, and acceptance criteria
environmentVacuum level, temperature profile, and fixture configuration
measurementMeasured values with units and timestamps
uncertaintyStated uncertainty budget for the measurement chain
traceabilityCalibration chain for every instrument in the setup
dispositionPass, fail, or nonconformance reference
Constanellis measurement corpus schema (/corpus). The shape is fixed first, so every record that enters is a record the next campaign can build on.
03 / Interoperability and standards

The positions we build to.

A network only its owner can use is a private radio, not infrastructure. The public interoperability work for lunar operations is already underway in the open, and the architecture is designed against it so that a customer terminal can roam across compliant networks instead of being rebuilt for each one.

The customer has said which interfaces matter. NASA's Moon Base User's Guide names power, docking, and communications as the lunar systems whose standards need collaborative development, and DARPA's 10-Year Lunar Architecture study convened the commercial side around the same premise: isolated, self-sufficient systems give way to shared, interoperable infrastructure sold as services. Our thesis is independently held. The direction is the same, and these are the positions we hold in it.

[ LNIS ]

Design the EVERLIGHT user segment toward LunaNet

The LunaNet Interoperability Specification (LNIS) is the public description of the service interfaces a lunar user terminal is expected to speak. We design against it, we test against it, and we publish where we conform and where we do not, in that order.

[ CCSDS ]

Speak the common language at the link and file layers

CCSDS recommendations are the shared vocabulary of space data systems. We adopt them rather than invent private formats. A private format costs the customer again at every integration that follows.

[ DTN ]

Assume the link breaks, because it will

Delay-tolerant networking and the DTN Bundle Protocol are built on the assumption that connectivity is intermittent, which in cislunar space is the normal case rather than the fault case: occultation, range, and contention all guarantee it. We build store-and-forward behavior in from the first node instead of bolting it on after the first outage.

[ PUBLISH ]

Publish the interface before asking for a signature

Interface control documents, conformance statements, and test methods are intended for publication so an integrator can design against the network before committing to it. Each document is released as it clears export-control review; integrators who need one ahead of publication can request it under NDA.

[ EVIDENCE ]

Bring measurements to the open questions

Where a standard is still being written, we bring data: characterization results, test methods, and the uncertainty behind them. Evidence is the only currency in that conversation that does not depreciate.

FIG. 03The interface stack, layer by layer
User servicesLunaNet Interoperability Specification (LNIS): the service interfaces a lunar terminal speaks, and the design target for the EVERLIGHT user segment.
Link and file layersCCSDS recommendations: the shared vocabulary of space data systems, adopted over private formats.
TransportDTN Bundle Protocol: store-and-forward designed in from the first node, because cislunar connectivity is intermittent by geometry.
Surface interfacesPower, docking, and communications: the systems NASA names for collaborative standards development at the Moon Base.
Interface documentsUndisclosedUnder NDA ahead of publication. Each releases as it clears export-control review.
The corrections standard
Constanellis interoperability positions. LNIS, CCSDS recommendations, and the DTN Bundle Protocol are public specifications published by their respective organizations; surface interface areas as named in NASA's Moon Base User's Guide (2026).
04 / Autonomy and AI operations

Downlink the decision, not the frame.

NEXUS edge stack

Ground-in-the-loop operations rest on two assumptions that stop holding past geostationary orbit: that the link is there when you need it, and that the round trip is short compared to the event. Across the cislunar volume neither is reliable. A close approach that develops faster than a contact window cannot be adjudicated from a console on Earth, and an observation that must be downlinked before it can be evaluated is an observation that arrives after it mattered.

The published direction points the same way. Earth-independent operations sit in NASA's Mars-forward priorities as a capability the Moon Base exists to mature, and command and control of surface assets through uncrewed periods is a named phase-one gap. The NEXUS edge stack is built against exactly that direction: put the processing where the collection happens, hold custody onboard, and spend the link on conclusions instead of pixels.

Onboard detection and tracking

Sensor frames reduced to candidate detections and tracks on the spacecraft, so the link carries tracks rather than raw imagery. The link budget stops being the limit on how much of the volume can be watched.

Custody through maneuver

Correlation logic designed to keep an object identified when it changes its orbit. Losing an object and re-acquiring it later is not the same as never losing it, and only one of those is custody.

Autonomy under disruption

Edge behavior designed for intermittent connectivity rather than degraded by it: queue the work, act inside delegated authority, and reconcile with the ground when the next contact opens.

Assurance and the operator

Every automated conclusion is designed to arrive with the evidence that produced it and a version identifier for the model that produced it. An analyst who cannot audit an answer cannot defend it, and an answer nobody will defend does not get used.

FIG. 04Where the work happens
OnboardDetection, track formation, custody maintenance, and triage of what is worth a downlink.
GroundMulti-source fusion, catalog maintenance, analytics, and the products a customer subscribes to.
OperatorTasking, adjudication, and release authority. The human stays in the loop by design, not by fallback.
Sensor mix and revisitUndisclosedUnder NDA, with revisit rates and catalog metrics.
Constanellis NEXUS architecture.
05 / Closed-loop surface systems

An outpost is resupplied. A settlement makes itself.

Closed-loop surface systems

This is the furthest out work on the page, and it carries the label it has earned: a concept track, a set of questions we are studying ahead of a program.

The reasoning is arithmetic. Every kilogram of oxygen, water, structure, and spare mass that leaves Earth is paid for twice, once to buy and once to lift, and an outpost pays that bill on every flight for as long as it operates. A settlement is the state where the loop closes locally and the mass is made where it is used. Between those two states sits a long list of unglamorous problems. The material ones are where we start.

What we are studying: regolith treated as feedstock rather than as a nuisance, oxygen recovered as part of a materials process rather than from a dedicated plant, energy and thermal storage that carries a surface system through a lunar night of about 354 hours, and the measurement problem underneath all of it. None of these questions is ours alone. Regolith manipulation, resource processing, and survive-the-night power all sit on NASA's published gap lists, with a phase-one target of surviving more than 120 hours of darkness; the full night is the same question with the easy versions removed. And the measurement problem is the thread back to the top of this page: a part made on the surface is worth nothing until somebody can characterize it, and the discipline that characterizes an optic in vacuum is the same discipline that will characterize a locally made structural part.

FIG. 05The loop, and where it is open today
ConsumablesOpen. Oxygen, water, and propellant lift from Earth on every mission. Resource identification and processing sit on the published gap lists.
Structure and sparesOpen. Mass manufactured on Earth and delivered at launch cost. Regolith manipulation at scale is a named technology challenge.
Energy across the nightOpen. About 354 hours of darkness, against a published phase-one target of surviving more than 120 hours.
MeasurementOpen, and the one we close first. A locally made part is worth nothing until somebody can characterize it.
StatusConcept track, stated as such.
Constanellis closed-loop concept track. Lunar night duration as published on the ATLAS program page; gap and target references from NASA's Moon Base User's Guide (2026).
06 / Access

Published, or under NDA. Nothing in between.

Everything this company asks a customer to design against is in one of two places. The published record carries the methods, the schema, and the standards this site holds itself to, in public. The rest is discussed under NDA in a technical briefing: hardware configurations, test articles, interface documents ahead of release, and the program specifics behind the figures above. Both doors are open.

The published record

Test method CTM-2026-01

Vacuum optical measurement, stated as a method with acceptance criteria.

Uncertainty budget CUB-2026-01

A complete worked budget: every term named, combined and expanded.

The measurement corpus

The record schema, the live telemetry, and the publication intent.

The qualification gap map

The U.S. qualification landscape, sourced cell by cell.

The corrections standard

What happens when something published turns out to be wrong.

Discussed under NDA

Hardware configurations and test articles
Under NDA
Interface control documents ahead of release
Under NDA, pending export-control review
NEXUS sensor mix, revisit rates, and catalog metrics
Under NDA

Bring us the measurement problem.

Component and assembly work quotes through FORGE. Research collaboration, interface questions, and technical briefings all start from the same request, and the specifics are discussed under NDA rather than advertised.

Request a Briefing Configure a CampaignThe Qualification Gap Map